Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can infect people of all ages, but it is of particular concern during pregnancy because it can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus. When a pregnant woman is infected with CMV, the virus can cross the placenta and infect the developing fetus, leading to a condition known as congenital CMV infection. The effects of CMV on the fetus can vary, and some infants may not have any symptoms at birth but may develop complications later in life. Here are some potential effects of CMV on the fetus:
– Small size at birth
– Jaundice
– Enlarged liver or spleen
– Petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin)
– Hearing loss: CMV is a leading cause of non-genetic hearing loss in children.
– Vision problems: CMV infection can lead to vision loss or other eye problems.
– Intellectual disabilities: Some children with congenital CMV infection may experience developmental delays or intellectual disabilities.
– Neurological problems: CMV can affect the brain and nervous system, leading to seizures, muscle weakness, or other neurological issues.
Prevention of CMV infection during pregnancy is challenging because the virus is widespread and can be transmitted through close contact with bodily fluids. Pregnant women are advised to practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, to reduce the risk of CMV infection. If a pregnant woman is at high risk of CMV infection (such as working with young children), she should discuss preventive measures with her healthcare provider.
If a pregnant woman suspects she may have been exposed to CMV or develops symptoms of the infection, she should seek medical advice promptly for testing and appropriate management. Early detection and intervention can help reduce the risk of adverse outcomes for the fetus.